Todd Erickson in his essay Kill me Again: Movement becomes a Genre (in Silver & Ursini), discusses the emergence of noir motifs in films subsequent to the canonical period and suggests studying them as a new genre. "Contemporary film noir is a new genre of film. As such, it must carry the distinction of another name; a name that is cognizant of its rich noir heritage, yet one that distinguishes its influences and motivations from those of the bygone era" (pg. 321). Erickson proposes the term neo-noir because he identifies the films as new forms of noir. Thus neo-noir is "quite simply, a contemporary rendering of the film noir sensibility" (pg. 321). The neo-noir films, according to Richard Martin in his book Mean Streets and Raging Bulls , "not only [..] suggest noir's continuing exploration of the collective anxieties of American society, but [..] also reflect a s